{"id":1765,"date":"2024-08-21T11:54:24","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T11:54:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/astigmatism-lat-astigmatismus\/"},"modified":"2024-11-11T08:11:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T08:11:17","slug":"astigmatism-lat-astigmatismus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/en\/astigmatism-lat-astigmatismus\/","title":{"rendered":"Astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The word astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus) means without a point. Astigmatism is an eye error in which the optical system of the eye has different refractive powers in different meridians.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/450972105610872.jpg\"> <\/p>\n<p>Astigmatism is an eye error in which the optical system of the eye has different refractive powers in different meridians.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/87795951553075.jpg\"><br \/>As a consequence, the light rays are not focused in the form of a point but in the form of two lines, which we call focal points, and they are usually perpendicular to each other. An astigmatic eye does not see horizontal and vertical lines equally clearly, so the viewed objects are deformed. <\/p>\n<div class=\"x\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Signs of astigmatism:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>blurred distance and near vision<\/li>\n<li>headache<\/li>\n<li>asthenopia (fatigue, burning, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>head tilt<\/li>\n<li>tightening of the eyelids<\/li>\n<li>eyes get tired quickly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Astigmatism is corrected with cylindrical glasses or contact lenses. Nowadays, astigmatism can be corrected surgically (refractive surgery). <\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-yXzG5fp160\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Astigmatism can be divided by form and type.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">By form, astigmatism is divided into:<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Irregular (irregularis):<\/span><br \/> The main meridians are not at right angles, so the distance between the main meridians is not exactly 90 degrees. Irregular astigmatism cannot be completely corrected with cylindrical glasses or soft contact lenses. Irregular astigmatism is corrected with semi-hard contact lenses  <br \/><br style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Regular (regularis):<\/span><br \/> The main meridians are at right angles. Correct astigmatism can be corrected with cylindrical glasses, soft and semi-hard contact lenses. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Regular astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus regullaris) is divided into:  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Vertical astigmatism or astigmatism as a rule (lat. astigmatism rectus):<\/span><br \/> (I have pictures in an old book, so I&#8217;ll post them)<br \/> The main meridian of lower refractive power is in a horizontal line, and the main meridian of higher refractive power is in a vertical line. It is corrected with a negative cylinder at 0 degrees. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Horizontal astigmatism or astigmatism against the rules (lat. astigmatismus inversus):<\/span><br \/> (I have pictures in an old book, so I&#8217;ll post them)<br \/> The main meridian of lower refractive power is located in a vertical line, and the main meridian of higher refractive power is located in a horizontal line. It is corrected with a negative cylinder at 90 degrees. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Oblique astigmatism (lat. astigmatism obliquus):<\/span><br \/> (I have pictures in an old book, so I&#8217;ll post them)<br \/> Both main meridians are in an oblique position, approximately at 45 or 135 degrees. It is corrected with a negative cylinder to approximately 45 or 135 degrees. <\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">According to the type, astigmatism is divided into:  <\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/43992416993388.jpg\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><br \/>Simple far-sighted astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus simplex hyperopicus):<\/span><br \/> One main focal point is located on the retina, i.e. it is emmetropic, and the second focal point is located behind the retina, i.e. it is farsighted.  <\/p>\n<div class=\"x\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/11553143672641.jpg\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><br \/>Complex short-sighted astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus compositus hyperopicus):<\/span><br \/> Both foci are located behind the retina, i.e. both are farsighted, but unequally. <\/p>\n<div class=\"x\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/988309966057646.jpg\"><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple myopic astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus simplex myopicus):<\/span><br \/> One main focal point is located on the retina, i.e. it is emmetropic, and the second focal point is located in front of the retina, i.e. it is myopic.  <\/p>\n<div class=\"x\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/878010900029223.jpg\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><br \/>Compound myopic astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus compositus myopicus):<\/span><br \/> Both foci are located in front of the retina, i.e. both are myopic, but unequally. <\/p>\n<div class=\"x\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/765802849015199.jpg\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><br \/>Mixed astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus mixtus):<\/span><br \/> One focal point is in front and the other behind the retina, i.e. one is short-sighted and the other is far-sighted.   <\/p>\n<p>In order to classify astigmatism, names from both divisions are used in diagnostics.  <br \/>For example simple farsighted horizontal astigmatism (lat. astigmtismus siplex hyperopicus inversus). <\/p>\n<p>Autor:<br \/>bc. Livio Svr\u017enjak, optometrist <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The word astigmatism (lat. Astigmatismus) means without a point. Astigmatism is an eye error in which the optical system of the eye has different refractive powers in different meridians. Astigmatism is an eye error in which the optical system of the eye has different refractive powers in different meridians. As a consequence, the light rays [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diseases-and-errors-of-the-eye"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Astigmatism (lat. 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