{"id":1591,"date":"2024-06-30T09:51:51","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T09:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/mreznica-retina\/"},"modified":"2024-11-11T08:11:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T08:11:22","slug":"mreznica-retina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/mreznica-retina\/","title":{"rendered":"Mre\u017enica (retina)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mre\u017enica (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">retina<\/span>) vrlo je nje\u017ena, fotosenzibilna membrana koja le\u017ei na unutra\u0161njoj strani o\u010dne jabu\u010dice.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p>Uloga mre\u017enice je pretvaranje svjetlosnog signala u elektri\u010dni impuls koji se dalje prenosi putem vidnog \u017eivca u mozak. To je mogu\u0107e zbog vrlo sofisticirane i precizne gra\u0111e mre\u017enice, odnosno raznih vrsta stanica koje se u njoj nalaze, a me\u0111u kojima su najpoznatije \u0161tapi\u0107i i \u010dunji\u0107i.<\/p>\n<p>Mre\u017enica je podijeljena na perifernu i centralnu zonu, omogu\u0107uje razli\u010dite vidne funkcije kao \u0161to su detaljan centralan vid, percepciju boja, vid u prigu\u0161enom osvjetljenju i periferni vid.<br \/>Debljina mre\u017enice iznosi 0.1-0.25 mm<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Razlikujemo tri dijela mre\u017enice:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vidni dio (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">pars optica<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>Cilijarni dio (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">pars ciliaris retinae<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0160areni\u010dni dio (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">pars iridica<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>Granica izme\u0111u vidnog (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">pars optica<\/span>) i slijepog (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">pars coeca<\/span>) dijela mre\u017enice \u010dini nazubljena linija ora serrata.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Histolo\u0161ki, retina je podijeljenja u 10 slojeva, gledaju\u0107i iz nutra prema van:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unutarnja grani\u010dna membrana<\/li>\n<li>Sloj nervnih niti<\/li>\n<li>Sloj ganglijskih stanica<\/li>\n<li>Unutarnji mre\u017easti sloj<\/li>\n<li>Unutarnji zrnati sloj<\/li>\n<li>Vanjski mre\u017easti sloj<\/li>\n<li>Vanjski zrnati sloj<\/li>\n<li>Vanjska grani\u010dna membrana<\/li>\n<li>Sloj \u010dunji\u0107a i \u0161tapi\u0107a<\/li>\n<li>Pigmentni sloj<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Glava vidnog \u017eivca (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">papila n. optici)<\/span> mjesto je gdje se skupljaju mre\u017eni\u010dne nervne niti izlaze\u0107i iz o\u010dne jabu\u010dice (slijepa pjega) te formiraju vidni \u017eivac.<\/p>\n<p>Podru\u010dje koje nazivamo makula ili \u017euta pjega (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">macula lutea<\/span>) zauzima u \u0161irem smislu, podru\u010dje stra\u017enjeg pola koje se jo\u0161 naziva centralna regija.<\/p>\n<p>U centru makularnog podru\u010dja nalazi se <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">fovee centralis<\/span> koja sadr\u017ei samo \u010dunji\u0107e, i to je mjesto najo\u0161trijeg vida.<\/p>\n<p>Svjetlosni valovi du\u017eine od 400 do 700 milimikrona djeluje na o\u010dne neuroepitelne stanice kako bi izazvale svjetlosni osjet. Mre\u017enica je najosjetljivija na valnu duljinu izme\u0111u 510 do 550 milimikrona.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Fotoreceptori se sastoje od \u0161tapi\u0107a i \u010dunji\u0107a.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0160tapi\u0107a ima oko 130 mil<\/li>\n<li>\u010cunji\u0107a ima oko 6.5 mil<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010cunji\u0107i su koncentrirani u sredi\u0161njoj jamici gdje nema \u0161tapi\u0107a, ali su tako\u0111er rijetko raspore\u0111eni i na mre\u017eni\u010dnoj periferiji.<\/p>\n<p>Periferni dio mre\u017enice slu\u017ei za gledanje u tami i otkrivanju pokreta.<\/p>\n<p>Sastav \u0161tapi\u0107a i \u010dunji\u0107a je sli\u010dan, a vanjska grani\u010dna membrana dijeli ih na dva dijela. U vanjskoj dijelu ima nekoliko stotina diskova od kojih svaki ima odre\u0111enu koli\u010dinu vidnog pigmenta (\u0161tapi\u0107i rodopsina, a \u010dunji\u0107i jodopsin). Takva struktura diskova omogu\u0107uje transformaciju svjetlosne u kemisku energiju.<\/p>\n<h4>Bolesti mre\u017enice<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><br \/>Dijabeti\u010dka retinopatija<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Vrlo \u010dest uzrok slijepo\u0107e.<br \/>Osnovna terapija jest fotokoagulacija retine pomo\u0107u lasera.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ablacija mre\u017enice<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Bolest koju karakterizira odvajanje senzora retine od retinalnog pigmentnog epitela. Uzrok ovoj pojavi je prolaz teku\u0107ine i razrje\u0111enog staklastog tijela kroz retinalnu rupturu u retinalni prostor. Vidna o\u0161trina je smanjena u ve\u0107oj ili manjoj mjeri. \u010ce\u0161\u0107e se javlja u miopa nego kod emetropa ili hipermetropa. \u0160to je dulje trajanje odignu\u0107a mre\u017enice, vidna o\u0161trina je lo\u0161ija, zato ablaciju retine treba operirati \u0161tp prije.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Senilna makularna degeneracija<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u010cimbenici rizika su visoki krvni tlak, pu\u0161enje i pove\u0107ana izlo\u017eenost sun\u010devim zrakama. Klini\u010dki znak bolesti je slabljenje vida na jednom oku te se pacijent \u017eali na metamorfopsiju i fotofobiju.<br \/>Senilna makularna degeneracija je progresivna i degenerativna bolest, te je jedan od glavnih uzroka sljepo\u0107e u razvijenim zemljama. Prognoza oporavka vidne funkcije \u010desto, unato\u010d lije\u010denju nije dobra.<\/p>\n<p>Autor:<br \/>bc. Livio Svr\u017enjak, optometrist<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mre\u017enica (retina) vrlo je nje\u017ena, fotosenzibilna membrana koja le\u017ei na unutra\u0161njoj strani o\u010dne jabu\u010dice. Uloga mre\u017enice je pretvaranje svjetlosnog signala u elektri\u010dni impuls koji se dalje prenosi putem vidnog \u017eivca u mozak. To je mogu\u0107e zbog vrlo sofisticirane i precizne gra\u0111e mre\u017enice, odnosno raznih vrsta stanica koje se u njoj nalaze, a me\u0111u kojima su [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anatomija-oka","category-izdvojene-objave"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mre\u017enica (retina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/livision-optika.com\/edukativni-centar\/mreznica-retina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mre\u017enica (retina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mre\u017enica (retina) vrlo je nje\u017ena, fotosenzibilna membrana koja le\u017ei na unutra\u0161njoj strani o\u010dne jabu\u010dice. 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